They have few possessions other than some simple hunting-and-gathering equipment. As the name hunting-and-gathering implies, people in these societies both hunt for food and gather plants and other vegetation. Higher education is especially important in these societies for economic success.īeginning about 250,000 years ago, hunting-and-gathering societies are the oldest ones we know of few of them remain today, partly because modern societies have encroached on their existence. These societies feature information technology and service jobs. They are wealthier than agricultural societies and have a greater sense of individualism and a somewhat lower degree of inequality that still remains substantial. Industrial societies feature factories and machines.
Compared to horticultural and pastoral societies, they are wealthier and have a higher degree of conflict and of inequality. These societies grow great numbers of crops, thanks to the use of plows, oxen, and other devices. Both types of societies are wealthier than hunting-and-gathering societies, and they also have more inequality and greater conflict than hunting-and-gathering societies. Horticultural societies grow crops with simple tools, while pastoral societies raise livestock.
Horticultural and pastoral societies are larger than hunting-and-gathering societies. Because all people in these societies have few possessions, the societies are fairly egalitarian, and the degree of inequality is very low. These are small, simple societies in which people hunt and gather food. Table 5.1 Summary of Societal Development Type of society
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